What are the muscles located between the ribs called?

The muscles located between the ribs are called intercostals. These muscles play a critical role in the respiratory process by aiding in the expansion and contraction of the rib cage during breathing. The intercostal muscles are comprised of two groups: the external intercostals, which elevate the ribs and assist in inhalation, and the internal intercostals, which help depress the ribs and facilitate exhalation. Their strategic location between the ribs allows them to effectively contribute to the mechanics of ventilation, making them essential for proper respiratory function.

The other mentioned muscles, while important for various movements and functions in the body, do not occupy the space between the ribs or have a direct role in respiration. The rectus abdominis is primarily involved in flexing the lumbar spine and stabilizing the core. The trapezius is mainly responsible for moving, rotating, and stabilizing the shoulder blade and extending the neck. The latissimus dorsi is a large muscle of the back that helps with shoulder movements. Each of these muscles serves distinct functions unrelated to the intercostal muscles' primary role in breathing.