On which part of a neuron would you typically find the myelin sheath?

The myelin sheath is primarily found on the axon of a neuron. This specialized insulating layer is composed of fatty substances that wrap around the axon in segments, allowing for faster transmission of electrical impulses. The presence of the myelin sheath increases the speed of action potentials along the axon through a process known as saltatory conduction, in which the electrical signal jumps from one node of Ranvier to the next, rather than traveling continuously along the axon.

In the context of neuronal structure, the myelin sheath serves a crucial role in maintaining the efficiency and speed of neural communication. Dendrites, on the other hand, are responsible for receiving signals but do not have myelin sheaths. The nucleus serves an entirely different function as the control center of the neuron, housing its genetic material. Terminal branches, where neurotransmitters are released, are also not covered by myelin. This distinctive localization of myelin to the axons highlights its essential role in the overall function of the nervous system.